Did you know that China is the birthplace of several fascinating dog breeds? These dogs, often associated with nobility, monks, or rural areas, bear witness to centuries of history and traditions. Loyal companions, tireless protectors, or temple guardians, these Chinese dogs embody both elegance and strength.
On the occasion of the Chinese New Year, let’s discover together the 15 most popular Chinese dog breeds and what makes them so special.
Chinese Dog Breeds: Their Origins #
In China, dogs have always held a special place. Some breeds were bred to accompany emperors, like the famous Pekingese, while others, like the Shar Pei, were essential working dogs in rural areas. Their roles ranged from protectors of Buddhist temples to spiritual companions of monks.
The diversity of Chinese landscapes has influenced the development of these breeds, characterized by varied morphologies, unique temperaments, and remarkable adaptability.
What Are the 15 Chinese Dog Breeds? #
1. Pekingese #
The preferred companion of Chinese emperors, the Pekingese was a symbol of prestige and wealth. This small Chinese dog with a flat muzzle, luxurious fur, and noble appearance was so precious that it was sometimes carried in the sleeves of imperial robes. Proud and independent, it remains an affectionate and loyal dog, although it can be a bit reserved with strangers.
2. Shar Pei #
With its wrinkled skin and blue-black tongue, the Shar Pei is an ancient breed used for hunting and guarding in the Chinese countryside. This dog is known for its calmness and loyalty to its family, but it can be wary of strangers. Its wrinkles require regular care to prevent infections.
3. Shih Tzu #
Nicknamed the “lion dog,” the Shih Tzu was bred to keep company with Tibetan monks and the imperial court. This small sociable and playful dog is also very affectionate. Its long fur requires frequent grooming, but its easygoing personality makes it an excellent companion for families.
4. Pug #
The Pug is an iconic breed originating from China, dating back over 2,000 years. Bred to be a faithful companion to emperors and nobility, this small brachycephalic dog is recognized for its round face, large expressive eyes, and characteristic wrinkles. With its joyful personality and deep attachment to its owners, the Pug is an affectionate and playful dog.
5. Chinese Crested Dog #
This unique dog, often hairless with a crest of hair on its head, is as elegant as it is affectionate. The Chinese Crested Dog is known for its exuberant personality and closeness to its owners. Due to its exposed skin, it is sensitive to sunburn and requires special protection on hot days.
6. Chow Chow #
The Chow Chow is a majestic and ancient breed, believed to have been used in China as a guard, hunting, and draft dog. Recognizable by its imposing silhouette, unique blue tongue, and dense fur, it is also often nicknamed the “lion dog” for its noble appearance. The Chow Chow has a calm and independent temperament but can be protective of its family.
7. Tibetan Mastiff #
The Tibetan Mastiff, nicknamed the “lion of the mountains,” is a majestic and imposing dog. Used to protect herds and Tibetan monasteries, it is extremely loyal and protective. However, its independent character and large size require an experienced owner and suitable spaces.
8. Lhasa Apso #
Small but robust, the Lhasa Apso is a sacred dog used to watch over Buddhist temples. Its long, silky coat, combined with its intense gaze, gives it an elegant appearance. Alert and wary of strangers, it is an excellent alert dog and a faithful companion.
9. Chongqing Dog #
Rare and ancient, the Chongqing Dog originates from the mountainous provinces of China. This muscular and rustic dog, with a short tail, is an excellent guard dog. Devoted and protective, it is very attached to its family, although it is wary of strangers.
10. Taiwan Dog #
Although often associated with the island of Taiwan, this dog shares common origins with mainland China. Agile and fast, the Taiwan Dog was used for hunting in the mountains. Active and intelligent, it is perfect for dynamic families.
10. Xiasi Quan #
Originating from southern China, the Xiasi Quan is a hunting dog known for its endurance and speed. With its slim and athletic body, it is capable of covering long distances. Loyal and courageous, it is also an excellent family companion.
11. Tibetan Spaniel #
Small and alert, the Tibetan Spaniel was used in Tibetan monasteries as a guardian and companion. It is affectionate, sociable, and playful, making it an excellent family dog. Its gentle temperament and compact size make it suitable for apartment living.
12. Tibetan Terrier #
Despite its name, the Tibetan Terrier is not a terrier. This robust dog with long hair was used to guard herds in the Tibetan mountains. Playful, sociable, and affectionate, it is perfect for families seeking an active and loving dog.
13. Laizhou Hong #
Born in Shandong province, the Laizhou Hong is a large, muscular dog with distinctive red fur. Courageous and loyal, it is often used as a guard or working dog, but it is also an excellent companion for families.
14. Xian Hound #
Adapted to the cold climates of northeastern China, the Manchurian Dog is robust and active. This rare dog is used for work and hunting. With its dense coat, it is well-prepared to withstand harsh winters.
15. Kunming Dog #
Created in the 1950s to meet the needs of the Chinese army and not recognized by the FCI, the Kunming Dog is often compared to the German Shepherd. Obedient, intelligent, and energetic, it is used for search and rescue missions, as well as a police dog. It is an exceptional working dog but requires significant physical and mental stimulation.
Chinese Dog Breeds and Their Health Issues #
Some Chinese dog breeds are known for their predispositions to specific health issues, particularly respiratory and cardiac. These vulnerabilities are often linked to their morphology or genetic selection.
Respiratory Issues #
Brachycephalic breeds, such as the Pekingese, the Pug, and the Shih Tzu, are particularly affected by brachycephalic syndrome. This condition is due to their short muzzle and causes breathing difficulties, especially in hot weather or during physical exertion. These dogs may also snore or have noisy breathing at rest.
Signs to watch for: Rapid panting, exercise intolerance, difficulty breathing in hot weather. Health devices like Invoxia’s Minitailz can help you spot unusual situations.
💡 Tips:
- Avoid intense exercise, especially in summer.
- Favor a cool and well-ventilated environment.
- Regularly consult a veterinarian to assess the severity of the syndrome.
Cardiac Issues #
Breeds like the Tibetan Spaniel or the Xian Hound may develop heart disorders, including mitral valve disease or cardiomyopathies. These conditions can lead to heart failure if not detected and treated in time.
Signs to watch for: Persistent cough, fatigue, rapid breathing, or difficulty with exertion. Minitailz technology can also identify cardiac anomalies before symptoms appear.
💡 Tips:
- Schedule regular cardiac check-ups, especially after the age of 5.
- Monitor unusual symptoms, such as decreased energy or breathing problems.
- Provide a diet tailored to support heart health.

Skin Issues #
The Shar Pei, with its many wrinkles, is also prone to skin infections (dermatitis) if its hygiene is not rigorously maintained. These problems can indirectly impact its overall well-being.
💡 Tips:
- Clean its wrinkles regularly with suitable products.
- Consult quickly in case of irritation or redness.
Why Are These Sensitivities Common? #
These health issues result from generations of selection aimed at accentuating certain physical characteristics (such as short muzzles or wrinkles). While these traits add to their charm, they also increase the risk of related diseases.
Adopting a Chinese Dog: What to Consider? #
Adopting a Chinese dog breed is a wonderful adventure, but it requires careful preparation to meet their specific needs. Here are some key recommendations:
- Learn about the breed’s needs: Some breeds, like the Tibetan Mastiff, require a lot of space and firm training, while dogs like the Pekingese are better suited to apartment living.
- Choose a responsible breeder: Favor breeders who adhere to breed standards and avoid excessive breeding of problematic physical traits.
- Plan regular veterinary check-ups: This is especially important for breeds predisposed to respiratory or cardiac issues.
- Be prepared to invest in care: Dogs like the Shih Tzu or Lhasa Apso require regular grooming, while breeds like the Shar Pei demand meticulous skin care.
Chinese dog breeds represent a rich cultural and biological heritage. Each of them, with their unique characteristics, is a living testament to Chinese history and traditions. By caring for them with love and respect, you contribute to preserving this precious heritage.
With this article, we wish you a beautiful Chinese New Year and a wonderful year under the sign of the Snake!